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VTM VTMTM
Current Multiplier
* 48 V to 3 V V*I ChipTM Converter * 70 A (105.0 A for 1 ms) * High density - 237 A/in3 * Small footprint - 60 A/in2 * Low weight - 0.5 oz (15 g) * Pick & Place / SMD or Through hole * 125C operation (TJ) * 1 s transient response * 3.5 million hours MTBF * Typical efficiency 95% * No output filtering required
V048F030T070 V048F030M070
(c)
Vf = 26 - 55 V VOUT = 1.63 - 3.43 V IOUT = 70 A K = 1/16 ROUT = 2.0 m max
Product Description
The V048F030T070 V*I Chip Voltage Transformation Module excels at speed, density and efficiency to meet the demands of advanced power applications while providing isolation from input to output. It achieves a response time of less than 1 s and delivers up to 70 A in a volume of less than 0.295 in3 with unprecedented efficiency. It may be paralleled to deliver higher power levels at an output voltage settable from 1.63 to 3.43 Vdc. The VTM V048F030T070's nominal output voltage is 3 Vdc from a 48 Vdc input Factorized Bus, Vf, and is controllable from 1.63 to 3.43 Vdc at no load, and from 1.49 to 3.31 Vdc at full load, over a Vf input range of 26 to 55 Vdc. It can be operated either open- or closed-loop depending on the output regulation needs of the application. Operating open-loop, the output voltage tracks its Vf input voltage with a transformation ratio, K = 1/16, for applications requiring an isolated output voltage with high efficiency. Closing the loop back to an input PRMTM regulator or DC-DC converter enables tight load regulation. The 3 V VTM achieves a current density of 237 A/in3 in a V*I Chip package compatible with standard pick-andplace and surface mount assembly processes. The VTM's fast dynamic response and low noise eliminate the need for bulk capacitance at the load, substantially increasing system density while improving reliability and decreasing cost.
Absolute Maximum Ratings
Parameter
+In to -In +In to -In PC to -In VC to -In +Out to -Out Isolation voltage Output current Peak output current Output power Peak output power Case temperature Operating junction temperature Storage temperature Note:
(1) The referenced junction is defined as the semiconductor having the highest temperature. This temperature is monitored by a shutdown comparator.
(1)
Values
-1.0 to 60 100 -0.3 to 7.0 -0.3 to 19.0 -0.5 to 6.0 2,250 70 105.0 232 348 225 -40 to 125 -55 to 125 -40 to 125 -65 to 125
Unit
Vdc Vdc Vdc Vdc Vdc Vdc A A W W C C C C C
Notes
For 100 ms
Input to output Continuous For 1 ms Continuous For 1 ms During reflow MSL 5 T-Grade M-Grade T-Grade M-Grade
Part Numbering
V
Voltage Transformation Module
048
Input Voltage Designator
F
030
Output Voltage Designator (=VOUT x10)
T
070
Output Current Designator (=IOUT)
Configuration F = J-lead T = Through hole
Product Grade Temperatures (C) Grade Storage Operating (TJ) T -40 to125 -40 to125 M -65 to125 -55 to125
vicorpower.com
800-735-6200
V*I Chip Voltage Transformation Module
V048F030T070
Rev. 2.7
Page 1 of 11
Electrical Specifications Input Specs (Conditions are at 48 Vin, full load, and 25C ambient unless otherwise specified)
Parameter
Input voltage range Input dV/dt Input overvoltage turn-on Input overvoltage turn-off Input current Input reflected ripple current No load power dissipation Internal input capacitance Internal input inductance 182 3.0 4 5 4.6 55.1 59.5 4.8
V*I Chip Voltage Transformation Module
Min
26
Typ
48
Max
55 1
Unit
Vdc V/s Vdc Vdc Adc mA p-p W F nH
Note
Max Vin = 53 V, operating from -55C to -40C
Using test circuit in Figure 15; See Figure 1
Output Specs (Conditions are at 48 Vin, full load, and 25C ambient unless otherwise specified)
Parameter
Output voltage Rated DC current Peak repetitive current Short circuit protection set point Current share accuracy Efficiency Half load Full load Internal output inductance Internal output capacitance Output overvoltage setpoint Output ripple voltage No external bypass 10 F bypass capacitor Effective switching frequency Line regulation K Load regulation ROUT Transient response Voltage overshoot Response time Recovery time 98.0 5 94.0 93.8 95.0 94.2 1.1 254 10
Min
1.63 1.49 0
Typ
Max
3.43 3.31 70 105.0
Unit
Vdc Vdc Adc A Adc % % % nH F Vdc
Note
No load Full load 26 - 55 VIN Max pulse width 1ms, max duty cycle 10%, baseline power 50% Module will shut down See Parallel Operation on Page 9 See Figure 3 See Figure 3 Effective value Module will shut down See Figures 2 and 5 See Figure 6 Fixed, 1.3 MHz per phase VOUT = K*VIN at no load
3.4 65 8.6 2.5 1/16 1.7 66 200 1 140 2.6 0.0631 2.0
2.4 0.0619
mVp-p mVp-p MHz
m mV ns s
See Figure 16 70 A load step with 100 F CIN; See Figures 7 and 8 See Figures 7 and 8 See Figures 7 and 8
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800-735-6200
V*I Chip Voltage Transformation Module
V048F030T070
Rev. 2.7
Page 2 of 11
Electrical Specifications (continued) Waveforms
Ripple vs. Output Current
70
Output Ripple (mVpk-pk)
60 50 40 30 20 10 0 7 14 21 28 35 42 49 56 63 70
Output Current (A) Figure 1 -- Input reflected ripple current at full load and 48 Vf. Figure 2 -- Output voltage ripple vs. output current at 48 Vf with no POL bypass capacitance.
Efficiency vs. Output Current
96 94 14
Power Dissipation
Power Dissipation (W)
12 10 8 6 4 2
Efficiency (%)
92 90 88 86 84 0 7 14 21 28 35 42 49 56 63 70
0
7
14
21
28
35
42
49
56
63
70
Output Current (A)
Output Current (A) Figure 4 -- Power dissipation vs. output current.
Figure 3 -- Efficiency vs. output current.
Figure 5 -- Output voltage ripple at full load and 48 Vf with no POL bypass capacitance.
Figure 6 -- Output voltage ripple at full load and 48 Vf with 10 F ceramic POL bypass capacitance and 20 nH distribution inductance.
vicorpower.com
800-735-6200
V*I Chip Voltage Transformation Module
V048F030T070
Rev. 2.7
Page 3 of 11
Electrical Specifications (continued)
V*I Chip Voltage Transformation Module
Figure 7 -- 0-70 A load step with 100 F input capacitance and no output capacitance.
Figure 8 -- 70-0 A load step with 100 F input capacitance and no output capacitance.
General
Parameter
MTBF MIL-HDBK-217F Isolation specifications Voltage Capacitance Resistance Agency approvals Mechanical Weight Dimensions Length Width Height Peak compressive force applied to case (Z axis) Thermal Over temperature shutdown Thermal capacity Junction-to-case thermal impedance (RJC) Junction-to-board thermal impedance (RJB)
Min
Typ
3.5
Max
Unit
Mhrs Vdc pF M
Note
25C, GB Input to output Input to output Input to output UL /CSA 60950-1, EN 60950-1 Low voltage directive See Mechanical Drawings, Figures 10 - 13
2,250 3,000 10 cTUVus CE Mark RoHS 0.53/15 1.28/ 32,5 0.87 / 22 0.265/ 6,73 5 125 130 9.3 1.1 2.1
oz /g in / mm in / mm in / mm lbs. C Ws /C C / W C / W
6 135
Supported by J-leads only Junction temperature
Auxiliary Pins (Conditions are at 48 Vin, full load, and 25C ambient unless otherwise specified)
Parameter
Primary Control (PC) DC voltage Module disable voltage Module enable voltage Current limit Disable delay time VTM Control (VC) External boost voltage External boost duration
Min
4.8 2.4 2.4
Typ
5.0 2.5 2.5 2.5 40 14 10
Max
5.2 2.6 2.9
Unit
Vdc Vdc Vdc mA s Vdc ms
Note
VC voltage must be applied when module is enabled using PC Source only PC low to Vout low Required for VTM start up without PRM Vin > 26 Vdc. VC must be applied continuously if Vin < 26 Vdc.
12
19
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V*I Chip Voltage Transformation Module
V048F030T070
Rev. 2.7
Page 4 of 11
Pin / Control Functions
+In / -In DC Voltage Ports The VTM input should not exceed the maximum specified. Be aware of this limit in applications where the VTM is being driven above its nominal output voltage. If less than 26 Vdc is present at the +In and -In ports, a continuous VC voltage must be applied for the VTM to process power. Otherwise VC voltage need only be applied for 10 ms after the voltage at the +In and -In ports has reached or exceeded 26 Vdc. If the input voltage exceeds the overvoltage turn-off, the VTM will shutdown. The VTM does not have internal input reverse polarity protection. Adding a properly sized diode in series with the positive input or a fused reverse-shunt diode will provide reverse polarity protection. TM - For Factory Use Only
-Out
4 A
3
2
1 A B C D E
+Out
B C D E
+In
-Out
F G H H J J K K
TM VC PC
+Out
L M N P R T
L M N P R T
-In
VC - VTM Control The VC port is multiplexed. It receives the initial VCC voltage from an upstream PRM, synchronizing the output rise of the VTM with the output rise of the PRM. Additionally, the VC port provides feedback to the PRM to compensate for the VTM output resistance. In typical applications using VTMs powered from PRMs, the PRM's VC port should be connected to the VTM VC port. In applications where a VTM is being used without a PRM, 14 V must be supplied to the VC port for as long as the input voltage is below 26 V and for 10 ms after the input voltage has reached or exceeded 26 V. The VTM is not designed for extended operation below 26 V. The VC port should only be used to provide VCC voltage to the VTM during startup. PC - Primary Control
Figure 9 -- VTM pin configuration
Bottom View
Signal Name +In -In TM VC PC +Out -Out
Pin Designation A1-E1, A2-E2 L1-T1, L2-T2 H1, H2 J1, J2 K1, K2 A3-D3, A4-D4, J3-M3, J4-M4 E3-H3, E4-H4, N3-T3, N4-T4
The Primary Control (PC) port is a multifunction port for controlling the VTM as follows: Disable - If PC is left floating, the VTM output is enabled. To disable the output, the PC port must be pulled lower than 2.4 V, referenced to -In. Optocouplers, open collector transistors or relays can be used to control the PC port. Once disabled, 14 V must be re-applied to the VC port to restart the VTM. Primary Auxiliary Supply - The PC port can source up to 2.4 mA at 5 Vdc. +Out / -Out DC Voltage Output Ports The output and output return are through two sets of contact locations. The respective +Out and -Out groups must be connected in parallel with as low an interconnect resistance as possible. Within the specified input voltage range, the Level 1 DC behavioral model shown in Figure 16 defines the output voltage of the VTM. The current source capability of the VTM is shown in the specification table. To take full advantage of the VTM, the user should note the low output impedance of the device. The low output impedance provides fast transient response without the need for bulk POL capacitance. Limitedlife electrolytic capacitors required with conventional converters can be reduced or even eliminated, saving cost and valuable board real estate.
vicorpower.com
800-735-6200
V*I Chip Voltage Transformation Module
V048F030T070
Rev. 2.7
Page 5 of 11
Mechanical Drawings
V*I Chip Voltage Transformation Module
TOP VIEW ( COMPONENT SIDE) BOTTOM VIEW
NOTES: mm 1. DIMENSIONS ARE inch . 2. UNLESS OTHERWISE SPECIFIED, TOLERANCES ARE: .X / [.XX] = +/-0.25 / [.01]; .XX / [.XXX] = +/-0.13 / [.005] 3. PRODUCT MARKING ON TOP SURFACE DXF and PDF files are available on vicorpower.com
Figure 10 -- V T M J-Lead mechanical outline; Onboard mounting
RECOMMENDED LAND PATTERN
( COMPONENT SIDE SHOWN )
NOTES: mm 1. DIMENSIONS ARE inch . 2. UNLESS OTHERWISE SPECIFIED, TOLERANCES ARE: .X / [.XX] = +/-0.25 / [.01]; .XX / [.XXX] = +/-0.13 / [.005] 3. PRODUCT MARKING ON TOP SURFACE DXF and PDF files are available on vicorpower.com
Figure 11 -- VTM J-Lead PCB land layout information; Onboard mounting
vicorpower.com
800-735-6200
V*I Chip Voltage Transformation Module
V048F030T070
Rev. 2.7
Page 6 of 11
Mechanical Drawings (continued)
V*I Chip Voltage Transformation Module
TOP VIEW ( COMPONENT SIDE ) BOTTOM VIEW
NOTES: (mm) 1. DIMENSIONS ARE inch . 2. UNLESS OTHERWISE SPECIFIED TOLERANCES ARE: X.X [X.XX] = 0.25 [0.01]; X.XX [X.XXX] = 0.13 [0.005] 3. RoHS COMPLIANT PER CST-0001 LATEST REVISION DXF and PDF files are available on vicorpower.com
Figure 12 -- V T M Through-hole mechanical outline
RECOMMENDED HOLE PATTERN ( COMPONENT SIDE SHOWN )
NOTES: (mm) 1. DIMENSIONS ARE inch . 2. UNLESS OTHERWISE SPECIFIED TOLERANCES ARE: X.X [X.XX] = 0.25 [0.01]; X.XX [X.XXX] = 0.13 [0.005] 3. RoHS COMPLIANT PER CST-0001 LATEST REVISION DXF and PDF files are available on vicorpower.com
Figure 13 -- VTM Through-hole PCB layout information
vicorpower.com
800-735-6200
V*I Chip Voltage Transformation Module
V048F030T070
Rev. 2.7
Page 7 of 11
V*I Chip Voltage Transformation Module
Figure 14 -- Hole location for push pin heat sink relative to V*I Chip
vicorpower.com
800-735-6200
V*I Chip Voltage Transformation Module
V048F030T070
Rev. 2.7
Page 8 of 11
Application Note
Parallel Operation In applications requiring higher current or redundancy, VTMs can be operated in parallel without adding control circuitry or signal lines. To maximize current sharing accuracy, it is imperative that the source and load impedance on each VTM in a parallel array be equal. If VTMs are being fed by an upstream PRM, the VC nodes of all VTMs must be connected to the PRM VC. To achieve matched impedances, dedicated power planes within the PC board should be used for the output and output return paths to the array of paralleled VTMs. This technique is preferable to using traces of varying size and length. The VTM power train and control architecture allow bi-directional power transfer when the VTM is operating within its specified ranges. Bi-directional power processing improves transient response in the event of an output load dump. The VTM may operate in reverse, returning output power back to the input source. It does so efficiently. Input Impedance Recommendations To take full advantage of the VTM's capabilities, the impedance of the source (input source plus the PC board impedance) must be low over a range from DC to 5 MHz. The input of the VTM (factorized bus) should be locally bypassed with a 8 F low Q aluminum electrolytic capacitor. Additional input capacitance may be added to improve transient performance or compensate for high source impedance. The VTM has extremely wide bandwidth so the source response to transients is usually the limiting factor in overall output response of the VTM. Anomalies in the response of the source will appear at the output of the VTM, multiplied by its K factor of 1/16. The DC resistance of the source should be kept as low as possible to minimize voltage deviations on the input to the VTM. If the VTM is going to be operating close to the high limit of its input range, make sure input voltage deviations will not trigger the input overvoltage turn-off threshold. Input Fuse Recommendations V*I Chips are not internally fused in order to provide flexibility in configuring power systems. However, input line fusing of V*I Chips must always be incorporated within the power system. A fast acting fuse is required to meet safety agency Conditions of Acceptability. The input line fuse should be placed in series with the +In port. Application Notes For VTM and V*I Chip application notes on soldering, thermal management, board layout, and system design click on the link below: http://www.vicorpower.com/technical_library/application_information/chips/
Input reflected ripple measurement point F1 7A Fuse
+In +Out
+ R3 10 m Load C3 10 F - Notes: C3 should be placed close to the load R3 may be ESR of C3 or a separate damping resistor.
-Out
C1 47 F Al electrolytic
C2 0.47 F ceramic
TM VC PC
VTM
+Out
14 V + -
-In
K Ro
-Out
Figure 15 -- VTM test circuit
V*I Chip VTM Level 1 DC Behavioral Model for 48 V to 3 V, 70 A
IOUT ROUT
1.7 m 1/16 * Iout
+
V*I
+
VIN
IQ
63 mA
+ -
K
+ -
1/16 * Vin
VOUT
-
-
(c)
Figure 16 -- This model characterizes the DC operation of the V*I Chip VTM, including the converter transfer function and its losses. The model enables estimates or simulations of output voltage as a function of input voltage and output load, as well as total converter power dissipation or heat generation.
vicorpower.com
800-735-6200
V*I Chip Voltage Transformation Module
V048F030T070
Rev. 2.7
Page 9 of 11
Application Note (continued) V*I Chip VTM Level 2 Transient Behavioral Model for 48 V to 3 V, 70 A
0.12 nH
V*I Chip Voltage Transformation Module
LIN = 5 nH
IOUT
ROUT
1.7 m
LOUT = 1.1 nH
+
CIN VIN
RCIN RCIN
4 F
1.3 m 1/16 * Iout
V*I
0.6 m
RCOUT RCOUT
0.085 m 254 F
+
IQ
63 mA
+ -
K
+ -
1/16 * Vin
COUT
VOUT
-
-
(c)
Figure 17 -- This model characterizes the AC operation of the V*I Chip VTM including response to output load or input voltage transients or steady state modulations. The model enables estimates or simulations of input and output voltages under transient conditions, including response to a stepped load with or without external filtering elements.
In figures below; K = VTM transformation ratio RO = VTM output resistance
Vf = PRM output (Factorized Bus Voltage) VO = VTM output VL = Desired load voltage
FPA Adaptive Loop
Vo = VL 1.0%
VC PC TM IL NC PR VH SC SG OS NC CD
ROS RCD
PRM-AL
+In +Out
Factorized Bus (Vf)
Vf = VL (Io*Ro) + K K
+In
+Out
-Out TM VC PC
VTM
+Out
Vin
-In -Out
-In
K Ro
L O A D
-Out
Figure 18 -- The PRM controls the factorized bus voltage, Vf, in proportion to output current to compensate for the output resistance, Ro, of the VTM. The VTM output voltage is typically within 1% of the desired load voltage (VL) over all line and load conditions.
FPA Non-isolated Remote Loop
Remote Loop Control
VC PC TM IL NC PR VH SC SG OS NC CD
Vo = VL 0.4%
PRM-AL
+In +Out
Factorized Power Bus
Vf = f (Vs)
+In
+Out
+S
-Out TM VC PC
VTM
+Out
Vin
-In -Out
-In
K Ro
-S
-Out
L O A D
Figure 19 -- An external error amplifier or Point-of-Load IC (POLIC) senses the load voltage and controls the PRM output - the Factorized Bus - as a function of output current, compensating for the output resistance of the VTM and for distribution resistance.
vicorpower.com
800-735-6200
V*I Chip Voltage Transformation Module
V048F030T070
Rev. 2.7
Page 10 of 11
Warranty
Vicor products are guaranteed for two years from date of shipment against defects in material or workmanship when in normal use and service. This warranty does not extend to products subjected to misuse, accident, or improper application or maintenance. Vicor shall not be liable for collateral or consequential damage. This warranty is extended to the original purchaser only. EXCEPT FOR THE FOREGOING EXPRESS WARRANTY, VICOR MAKES NO WARRANTY, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE WARRANTY OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. Vicor will repair or replace defective products in accordance with its own best judgement. For service under this warranty, the buyer must contact Vicor to obtain a Return Material Authorization (RMA) number and shipping instructions. Products returned without prior authorization will be returned to the buyer. The buyer will pay all charges incurred in returning the product to the factory. Vicor will pay all reshipment charges if the product was defective within the terms of this warranty. Information published by Vicor has been carefully checked and is believed to be accurate; however, no responsibility is assumed for inaccuracies. Vicor reserves the right to make changes to any products without further notice to improve reliability, function, or design. Vicor does not assume any liability arising out of the application or use of any product or circuit; neither does it convey any license under its patent rights nor the rights of others. Vicor general policy does not recommend the use of its components in life support applications wherein a failure or malfunction may directly threaten life or injury. Per Vicor Terms and Conditions of Sale, the user of Vicor components in life support applications assumes all risks of such use and indemnifies Vicor against all damages.
Vicor's comprehensive line of power solutions includes high density AC-DC and DC-DC modules and accessory components, fully configurable AC-DC and DC-DC power supplies, and complete custom power systems.
Information furnished by Vicor is believed to be accurate and reliable. However, no responsibility is assumed by Vicor for its use. Vicor components are not designed to be used in applications, such as life support systems, wherein a failure or malfunction could result in injury or death. All sales are subject to Vicor's Terms and Conditions of Sale, which are available upon request.
Specifications are subject to change without notice.
Intellectual Property Notice
Vicor and its subsidiaries own Intellectual Property (including issued U.S. and Foreign Patents and pending patent applications) relating to the products described in this data sheet. Interested parties should contact Vicor's Intellectual Property Department. The products described on this data sheet are protected by the following U.S. Patents Numbers: 5,945,130; 6,403,009; 6,710,257; 6,911,848; 6,930,893; 6,934,166; 6,940,013; 6,969,909; 7,038,917; 7,145,186; 7,166,898; 7,187,263; 7,202,646; 7,361,844; D496,906; D505,114; D506,438; D509,472; and for use under 6,975,098 and 6,984,965
Vicor Corporation 25 Frontage Road Andover, MA, USA 01810 Tel: 800-735-6200 Fax: 978-475-6715 email Customer Service: custserv@vicorpower.com Technical Support: apps@vicorpower.com
vicorpower.com
800-735-6200
V*I Chip Voltage Transformation Module
V048F030T070
Rev. 2.7
9/09

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